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How to Write a Scientific Paper
（作者未知） 2010/10/2
What is a scientific paper? A paper is an organized description of hypotheses, data and conclusions, intended to instruct the reader. Papers are a central part of research. If your research does not generate papers, it might just as well not have been done. “Interesting and unpublished” is equivalent to “non-existent.”
什么是科技論文？科技論文是集假說、數(shù)據(jù)和結(jié)論為一體的概括性描述，以此向讀者論述。論文是研究工作的中心部分。如果你的研究沒有寫成論文，也就等同于沒有做研究。有意義但沒有發(fā)表，等同于不存在。
Realize that your objective in research is to formulate and test hypotheses, to draw conclusions from these tests, and to teach these conclusions to others. Your objective is not to “collect data.”
要意識到研究的目的是為了形成并證實假說，從一些測試中得出結(jié)論，并把結(jié)論傳授給別人。你的研究目的不是簡單的收集數(shù)據(jù)。
A paper is not just an archival device for storing a completed research program, it is also a structure for planning your research in progress. If you clearly understand the purpose and form of a paper, it can be immensely useful to you in organizing and conducting your research. A good outline for the paper is also a good plan for the research program. You should write and rewrite these plans/outlines throughout the course of the research. At the beginning, you will have mostly plan; at the end, mostly outline. The continuous effort to understand, analyze, summarize, and reformulate hypotheses on paper will be immensely more efficient for you than a process in which you collect data and only start to organize them when their collection is“complete.”
一篇論文并不僅僅是收集已經(jīng)得到的研究結(jié)果，它也有助于形成進一步的研究工作的框架。如果明確了論文的目的，這對于計劃開展你的研究工作有很大益處。好的文章提要也是研究工作的好計劃，在研究的過程中，應(yīng)該反復(fù)修改這些計劃或提要。研究工作開始時，應(yīng)有完善的計劃；工作結(jié)束時，應(yīng)充分的總結(jié)。最有效率的做法是及時的理解，
分析，
總結(jié)，
形成假說；
而不是等到完成時才開始收集和整理數(shù)據(jù)。
The reason for outlines. I emphasize the central place of an outline in writing papers, preparing seminars, and planning research. I especially believe that for you, and for me, it is most efficient to write papers from outlines. An outline is a written plan of the organization of a paper, including the data on（未完，下一頁）
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