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激光加工技術(shù)在汽車車身工業(yè)中的應(yīng)用
常熟理工學(xué)院機械工程學(xué)院 衛(wèi)熙鋒 2011/1/14
摘要：激光加工是指利用激光束投射到材料表面產(chǎn)生的熱效應(yīng)來完成加工過程，包括激光焊接、激光切割、表面改性、激光打標、激光鉆孔和微加工等。用激光束對材料進行各種加工，如打孔、切割、劃片、焊接、熱處理等。激光能適應(yīng)任何材料的加工制造，尤其在一些有特殊精度和要求、特別場合和特種材料的加工制造方面起著無可替代的作用。三維激光加工另一大突出的優(yōu)點就是大大降低了產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)成本。在零件成型后，所有的沖切工作全部可由激光完成，無需準備昂貴的沖切模具，這將大大提高投資回報率。另外，激光加工全部通過數(shù)控程序控制，不但可隨時根據(jù)需要進行修改，而且一旦需要馬上可以切換到其他產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)品改變所需的成本只是重新編程和準備工裝的費用，這同更換全套模具所需的巨額投資相比，完全可以忽略不計。
關(guān)鍵詞：加工原理、柔性、三維激光加工、發(fā)展前景。
Laser processing technology in the automotive industry application
WeiXiFeng
（Changshu institute of technology, mechanical engineering institute Suzhou changshu 215500）
Abstract: Laser processing means using laser beams projected onto a material surface produces overheats to finish machining process, including laser welding, laser cutting, surface modification, laser marking, laser drilling and micro processing, etc. Used lasers to materials for all the processing, such as punch, cutting, welding, heat treatment, etc. Laser can adapt to any material processing manufacturing, especially in some special precision and requirements, special occasion and special material processing manufacturing plays an irreplaceable role. 3d laser processing another big outstanding qualities is greatly reduces the production cost. In parts forming, all the punching work all can finish, need not prepare by laser punching moulds expensive that will greatly increase ROI. In addition, laser processing all by NC program control, not only can at any time according to need to modify, and once need immediate can switch to other products production, product change the costs just reprogrammed and prepare tooling costs, this same replacement full mould required huge investments compared, and can completely neglected.
Keywords: processing principle, flexibility, 3d laser processing and development prospects.
一 激光加工的原理及其特點
1. 激光加工的原理
激光加工是將激光束照射到工件的表面，以激光的高能量來切除、熔化材料以及改變物體表面性能。由于激光加工是無接觸式加工，工具不會與工件的表面直接磨察產(chǎn)生阻力，所以激光加工的速度極快、加工對象受熱影響的范圍較小而且不會產(chǎn)生噪音。由于激光束的能量和光束的移動速度均可調(diào)節(jié)，因此激光加工可應(yīng)用到不同層面和范圍上。（未完，下一頁）
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