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棉花細(xì)胞質(zhì)雄性不育研究進(jìn)展
（作者未知） 2011/6/21
摘要棉花具有十分明顯的雜種優(yōu)勢,棉花細(xì)胞質(zhì)雄性不育在棉花雜種優(yōu)勢的利用上具有重要作用。利用棉花細(xì)胞質(zhì)雄性不育和育性恢復(fù)系統(tǒng)突破傳統(tǒng)人工去雄雜交育種的瓶頸,為棉花雜交種制種的商業(yè)化推廣展現(xiàn)了光明的前景。綜述了近年來棉花細(xì)胞質(zhì)雄性不育在細(xì)胞學(xué)、生理生化、分子生物學(xué)和育性恢復(fù)4個方面的研究進(jìn)展。詳細(xì)闡明了棉花細(xì)胞質(zhì)雄性不育小孢子敗育時期及細(xì)胞學(xué)形態(tài)、生理生化指標(biāo)研究、胞內(nèi)基因組和核內(nèi)恢復(fù)基因的分子生物學(xué)研究和獲得理想恢復(fù)系的方法,并提出了研究中存在的主要問題,展望了今后工作的研究方向。
關(guān)鍵詞棉花;細(xì)胞質(zhì)雄性不育;育性恢復(fù)
AbstractThere is fully apparent heterosis in cotton. Cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS) has played an important role in heterosis usage in cotton.CMS and utilization of fertility restorer system have made a breakthrough in conquering breeding bottleneck by artificial emasculation and unfolded a bright outlook for promoting commercial production of hybrid seed. Research progress of four facials of cytology,physiological and biochemical indexes,molecular biology and fertility restoration on CMS in Gossypium hirsutum L. during the recent years were reviewed mainly in this paper. In the four facials which were reviewed mainly in this paper,period of microspore abortion and cytological morphology,physiological and biochemical indexes including carbohydrate,amino acid,enzyme and hormone,molecular biology of intracellular genome including chloroplast genome and mitochondrial genome and restoring gene in nucleus and methods of getting ideal and high resilience restorer on CMS in Gossypium hirsutum L. The objects of introducing all above these things in detail would tell peple current research status of the mechanism on CMS in Gossypium hirsutum L. and provide some helps for their relevant researches. The problems existing in the present study and the prospect to the future work on CMS in Gossypium hirsutum L. were proposed,which would provide references for related researchers.
Key wordscotton;cytoplasmic male sterility;fertility restoration
棉花是優(yōu)質(zhì)纖維、食用油和蛋白集一身的重要經(jīng)濟(jì)作物。如何提高棉花品種的產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)和抗逆性并使其廣泛應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)是當(dāng)前棉花育種亟需解決的問題。雜種優(yōu)勢的利用則為這一問題的解決提供了新的思路,并已在很多植物中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。棉花具有十分明顯的雜種優(yōu)勢,但目前棉花雜種優(yōu)勢的利用則主要采用人工去雄授粉法和核不育系“一系兩用”法,方法繁瑣且制種成本高,難以大規(guī)模推廣應(yīng)用。而水稻、高粱等作物則主要采用細(xì)胞質(zhì)雄性不育性(Cytoplasmic Male Sterility,CMS)實現(xiàn)“三系”配套來大面積利用雜種優(yōu)（未完，下一頁）
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