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淺談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中性別歧視
（作者未知） 2011/12/3
（接上頁(yè)）的聯(lián)合國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì),男性擁有世界資源的99%,而女性擁有的資源不到1%�！耙虼苏f(shuō),對(duì)女性的歧視與偏見(jiàn)有長(zhǎng)期的社會(huì)歷史根源�！盵6](P219)
三、消除英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言中性別歧視的方法
隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展和婦女社會(huì)地位的不斷提高，尤其是隨著美國(guó)女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)的高漲，消除語(yǔ)言中的性別歧視的呼聲越來(lái)越高。這其中核心問(wèn)題有兩個(gè)：如何直接剔除語(yǔ)言中的性別歧視詞（sexist words）；如何消除第三人稱代詞泛指而引起的性別歧視問(wèn)題。我們從英語(yǔ)性別歧視詞的轉(zhuǎn)換方式和如何選用恰當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q代詞來(lái)消除性別歧視問(wèn)題的對(duì)策這幾個(gè)方面來(lái)進(jìn)行介紹和討論。
（一）、 性別歧視詞轉(zhuǎn)換成無(wú)性別歧視詞（non-sexist words）的方法
1 盡量使用那些包括兩性在內(nèi)的詞，即無(wú)性別歧視詞，例如：immigrant, voter, officer, coach, church member, grandparent, employee, testee, patriot, customers, dealer, clerk, civilian, politician, tutor, etc.
2.以陰性詞綴-ess, ette, rix和enne 結(jié)尾的詞要避免使用并改成無(wú)性別歧視的詞綴：-or, an, er或ist。例如：actress →actor, administratrix →administrator ,suffragette →suffragist, usherette→ usher ,comedienne→ comedian .
3. 寫(xiě)信時(shí)，如果不知道收信人的具體性別時(shí)，最好不要使用傳統(tǒng)的Dear Sir, Dear Gentleman, Dear Madam, 可用工作職稱代替以免出現(xiàn)差錯(cuò)。例如：Dear friends of the library, Dear Madams and Sirs, Dear personnel officer, Dear Committee Member, Dear Agent, Dear Director.
（二）、規(guī)避第三人稱代詞泛指所引起的性別歧視問(wèn)題的對(duì)策
1.采用復(fù)數(shù)形式
Sexist: When bathing a baby, never leave him unattended.
Revised: When bathing a baby, never leave them unattended.
2.用We/us/our改寫(xiě)原句
Sexist: From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.
Revised: From each of us according to our abilities, to each of us according to our needs.
3. 改用第二人稱
Sexist: No man knows his true character until he has run out of gas, purchased something on the installment plan and raised an adolescent.
Revised: You don’t know what your true character is until you have run out of gas, purchased something on the installment plan and raised an adolescent.
4.改用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
Sexist: One who, when he has the choice of two evils, chooses both.
Revised: One who, when given the choice of two evils，chooses both.
5.用 he and she/ his and her ,但是使用的次數(shù)不宜太多，否則會(huì)造成用詞累贅。 s/he僅僅可以用于備忘錄(memos)，便條(notes)，或者非正式的交談之中。
6.用名詞或上下文中用過(guò)的同義詞替代
Sexist: To find a friend one must close one eye, to keep him, two.
Revised: To find a friend, o（未完，下一頁(yè)）
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