復(fù)雜曲面五軸數(shù)控加工刀軸矢量?jī)?yōu)化方法研究
江蘇安全技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院 屈海軍 2018/2/16 9:43:32
Research on Vector Optimization Method of NC Axes for Complicated Surfaces and Five Axes
摘要:科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,為復(fù)雜曲面五軸加工方式的不斷優(yōu)化提供了必要的技術(shù)支持,使得其加工技術(shù)水平逐漸提升。實(shí)踐過程中加工人員在曲面形狀突變及干涉情況時(shí),若采用五軸加工軌跡生成方法,由于其中刀軸矢量劇烈變化的問題,使得刀具性能受到了潛在威脅,且產(chǎn)品加工質(zhì)量難以保障。針對(duì)這種情況,應(yīng)加強(qiáng)與之相關(guān)的五軸加工刀軸矢量?jī)?yōu)化方法使用;诖耍疚膶(duì)復(fù)雜曲面五軸數(shù)控加工刀軸矢量?jī)?yōu)化方法進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)闡述。
關(guān)鍵詞:復(fù)雜曲面;刀軸;矢量?jī)?yōu)化方法;五軸數(shù)控加工
Abstract: The rapid development of science and technology has provided the necessary technical support for the continuous optimization of five-axis machining of complex curved surfaces, which has led to the gradual improvement of its processing technology. In the process of practice, when the surface shape is abruptly changed and the interference happens, if the machining method of five-axis machining path is used, the tool's performance is under the potential threat because of the sharp change of the vector of cutter shaft, and the processing quality of the product is hard to guarantee. In view of this situation, we should strengthen the related five-axis tool axis vector optimization method. Based on this, this paper will systematically elaborate the vector optimization method of tool axis of five-axis NC machining of complex surface.
Key words: complex surface; arbor; vector optimization method; five-axis CNC machining
重視復(fù)雜曲面五軸數(shù)控加工刀軸矢量?jī)?yōu)化方法研究,有利于提高產(chǎn)品加工表面精度,優(yōu)化加工方式的同時(shí)確保加工質(zhì)量可靠性,促使復(fù)雜曲面銑削水平得以不斷提升。因此,在開展復(fù)雜曲面五軸數(shù)控加工作業(yè)時(shí),為了減少刀具磨損,全面提高工件加工質(zhì)量,需要注重與之相關(guān)的刀軸矢量?jī)?yōu)化方法使用,并落實(shí)好相應(yīng)的研究工作。
一、有關(guān)復(fù)雜曲面五軸數(shù)控加工刀軸矢量?jī)?yōu)化生成方法分析
為了提升復(fù)雜曲面五軸數(shù)控加工水平,給予工件加工質(zhì)量可靠性科學(xué)保障,需要注重其刀軸矢量方法使用,并找出有關(guān)光順刀軸矢量的優(yōu)化算法,了解其優(yōu)化原理及實(shí)現(xiàn)方法。具體表現(xiàn)在以下方面:
(一)實(shí)踐中的算法優(yōu)化原理
在復(fù)雜曲面五軸數(shù)控加工過程中,為了對(duì)加工曲面進(jìn)行描述,可用一個(gè)或一組曲面表達(dá)出加工過程中刀具某一點(diǎn)的軌跡,即加工曲面描述時(shí)可通過對(duì)刀具路徑的合理運(yùn)用來實(shí)現(xiàn)。實(shí)際操作中應(yīng)加強(qiáng)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與信息技術(shù)使用,在計(jì)算機(jī)三維空間中確定端銑刀與、加工面的接觸關(guān)系,并獲得相應(yīng)的局部坐標(biāo)系。此時(shí),需要在復(fù)雜曲面五軸數(shù)控加工中對(duì)刀具軸向、進(jìn)給方向、刀位定位點(diǎn)、刀軸偏轉(zhuǎn)點(diǎn)等要素進(jìn)行充分考慮,以便更好地理解光順刀軸矢量算法的優(yōu)化原理。該原理為:根據(jù)刀具方向角(傾角與導(dǎo)角)的變化,了解加工過程中刀具對(duì)切削橢圓的實(shí)際作用效果。通過對(duì)刀具傾角與導(dǎo)角的有效改變,能夠避免復(fù)雜曲面五軸數(shù)控加工中的局部加工干涉或全局干涉,進(jìn)而在算法優(yōu)化中確定刀具傾角與導(dǎo)角的最佳取值,滿足曲面加工要求的同時(shí)確保五軸數(shù)控加工方式下工件質(zhì)量可靠性。
(二)實(shí)踐中的算法實(shí)現(xiàn)方法
在尋找復(fù)雜曲面五軸數(shù)控加工刀軸矢量?jī)?yōu)化方法的過程中,為了確保其(未完,下一頁)
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