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青少年運(yùn)動員賽前心理障礙的致因及解決辦法
（作者未知） 2009/4/10
摘要：當(dāng)今體育競賽正朝著高水平、強(qiáng)對抗的方向發(fā)展，運(yùn)動員的身體素質(zhì)、技戰(zhàn)術(shù)水平日趨完善和接近，心理素質(zhì)在運(yùn)動競賽中顯得尤為重要，賽前心理訓(xùn)練是運(yùn)動訓(xùn)練中不可忽視的重要課題，是運(yùn)動競賽成績好壞的重要因素。從某種意義上講，運(yùn)動員的賽前心理狀態(tài)是否穩(wěn)定，對比賽的成敗尤為重要。根據(jù)青少年運(yùn)動員賽前心理狀態(tài)變化的特點，找出影響青少年運(yùn)動員賽前心理障礙的因素，并提出一些相應(yīng)的心理調(diào)節(jié)方案，為今后提出訓(xùn)練和控制賽前心理狀態(tài)的方法打下理論基礎(chǔ)。 因素分析結(jié)果表明：影響賽前心理障礙的5個因素依次有：1.過度緊張；2.過度焦慮；3.恐懼退縮；害怕比賽；4.自信心不足；5.受傷；6.教練員或運(yùn)動員對比賽的期望值。根據(jù)研究結(jié)果，提出了在對青少年運(yùn)動員進(jìn)行心理調(diào)節(jié)的辦法：1.自我暗示法；2.表情調(diào)節(jié)法；3.鼓勵調(diào)節(jié)法；4.注意力調(diào)節(jié)法；5.表象重現(xiàn)法；6.實踐模擬法。
關(guān)鍵詞：青少年； 運(yùn)動員； 賽前心理障礙 ；致因； 解決辦法
Abstract: Now the sports competition is facing the high level, the strong resistance direction is developing, athlete’s physical quality, the technique and tactics level are day by day perfect and are close, the psychological quality appears in the movement competition especially importantly, in front of the match the psychological training is in the movement training the noticeable important topic, is the movement competition result quality important attribute. In a sense, in front of athlete’s match is the psychology whether stable, especially is important to the competition success or failure. According to the young people athlete match in front of the psychology change characteristic, proposed affects in front of the young people athlete match the psychological barrier factor, and proposed some corresponding psychological adjustment plan, for proposed from now on in front of the training and the control match the psychology method builds the rationale. The factor analysis result indicated that, In front of the influence match the psychological barrier 5 factors have in turn: 1. hypertension; 2. excessively anxious; 3. flinches frightened; Fear competition; 4. self-confidence are insufficient; 5. is injured; 6. trainers or athlete to competition expected value. According to the findings, proposed in carries on the psychology to the young people athlete to carry on the psychological adjustment the means: 1. autosuggestion law; 2. expression adjustment law; 3. encouragement adjustment law; 4. attention adjustment law; 5. representation reproduction（未完，下一頁）
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