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機(jī)器人控制曲面光斑面積的激光增材硬度分析
秦亮亮 2024/4/22 19:21:38
江蘇聯(lián)合職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院淮安生物工程分院，江蘇淮安 223200
摘要：為了提高曲面上激光增材質(zhì)量，采用機(jī)器人控制曲面光斑面積方法完整激光增材工藝。通過(guò)調(diào)整光斑面積使曲面獲得特定能量的激光，調(diào)整機(jī)器人路徑并尋優(yōu)得到最優(yōu)能量輸入位置，同時(shí)在多道掃描期間對(duì)激光路徑進(jìn)行合理規(guī)劃。研究結(jié)果表明：離焦量5mm下獲得平整的邊緣結(jié)構(gòu)，得到具有優(yōu)異質(zhì)量的無(wú)夾雜熔覆層。增加空間夾角時(shí)，硬度曲線值下降，塑性變形形成了更大的晶界阻力，當(dāng)組織晶粒細(xì)化后獲得了更大的硬度。本研究根據(jù)光斑面積閾值搜索得到插補(bǔ)點(diǎn)，對(duì)提高曲面激光增材質(zhì)量具有很好的實(shí)際指導(dǎo)意義。
關(guān)鍵詞：曲面；激光增材；光斑面積；硬度
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：TG146
Laser additive hardness analysis of surface spot area controlled by robot
Qin Liangliang
Huaian Bioengineering Branch, Jiangsu United Vocational and Technical College, Huaian 223200, China
Abstract: In order to improve the quality of laser additive on a curved surface, the laser additive process was completed by using a robot to control the surface spot area. By adjusting the spot area, the surface can obtain the laser with specific energy, adjust the robot path and search for the optimal energy input position, and make reasonable planning for the laser path during the multi-scanning period. The results show that the smooth edge structure can be obtained at 5mm defocus, and the non-inclusion cladding layer with excellent quality can be obtained. When the space Angle is increased, the hardness curve value decreases, the plastic deformation forms greater grain boundary resistance, and the hardness is greater when the grain is refined. In this study, the interpolation points are obtained according to the spot area threshold, which has a good practical guiding significance for improving the surface laser additive quality.
Key words: Surface; Laser additive; Spot area; Hardness
1 引言
對(duì)曲面部件進(jìn)行表面磨損缺陷進(jìn)行檢測(cè)時(shí)通常會(huì)受到距離與入射角因素的干擾，導(dǎo)致光纖無(wú)法對(duì)其進(jìn)行全范圍覆蓋[1-2]。到目前為止，大部分關(guān)于復(fù)雜表面結(jié)構(gòu)熔覆層開(kāi)展的研究主要是從工藝參數(shù)優(yōu)化方面考慮[3-4]。例如，Liu[5]通過(guò)田口法確定最優(yōu)鏈輪激光增材條件，在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)損壞鏈輪實(shí)施修復(fù)。通過(guò)觀察微觀組織形貌可知，在熔覆層產(chǎn)生的誤差最大值是2.96mm，整體達(dá)到了較理想的質(zhì)量。Wang等[6]開(kāi)發(fā)了一種可以對(duì)復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)曲面進(jìn)行路徑優(yōu)化的誤差控制方法。為激光增材過(guò)程設(shè)置了插補(bǔ)點(diǎn)，之后對(duì)此該方法可靠性進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。Campanelli[7]以田口法確定最優(yōu)激光參數(shù)，包括功率、掃描速率與粉末流動(dòng)速度。同時(shí)構(gòu)建了相應(yīng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型求解得到最優(yōu)重疊度，在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了統(tǒng)計(jì)算法對(duì)高密度試樣開(kāi)展測(cè)試。但上述研究?jī)?nèi)容并未深入分析復(fù)雜部件受到激光增材作用時(shí)發(fā)生的光斑尺寸改變，這已經(jīng)成為制備優(yōu)異激光增材層的關(guān)鍵因素[8]。
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