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圓明園環(huán)評(píng)電子書
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化工建筑畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） |
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課程(專業(yè))
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圓明園環(huán)評(píng) |
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關(guān)鍵詞
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圓明園環(huán)評(píng)|環(huán)境保護(hù) |
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適用年級(jí)
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大學(xué) |
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游客 |
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8493K |
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2009-07-24 18:04:00 |
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33 |
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lj |
內(nèi)容簡介：
圓明園環(huán)評(píng)電子書
目 錄
1 總論.......................................................1
1.1 項(xiàng)目由來..........................................................................................................1
1.2 編制依據(jù)..........................................................................................................4
1.2.1 環(huán)境保護(hù)及相關(guān)法律法規(guī)....................................................................4
1.2.2 評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)............................................................................5
1.2.3 項(xiàng)目有關(guān)資料........................................................................................6
1.3 評(píng)價(jià)目的與原則..............................................................................................8
1.3.1 評(píng)價(jià)目的................................................................................................8
1.3.2 評(píng)價(jià)原則................................................................................................8
1.4 評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容及重點(diǎn)..............................................................................................9
1.4.1 評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容................................................................................................9
1.4.2 評(píng)價(jià)重點(diǎn)..............................................................................................10
1.5 評(píng)價(jià)等級(jí)........................................................................................................10
1.5.1 大氣評(píng)價(jià)等級(jí)......................................................................................10
1.5.2 噪聲評(píng)價(jià)等級(jí)......................................................................................10
1.5.3 地表水評(píng)價(jià)等級(jí)..................................................................................10
1.5.4 生態(tài)評(píng)價(jià)等級(jí)......................................................................................10
1.6 評(píng)價(jià)范圍和重點(diǎn)保護(hù)目標(biāo)............................................................................ 11
1.6.1 評(píng)價(jià)范圍.............................................................................................. 11
1.6.2 重點(diǎn)保護(hù)目標(biāo)...................................................................................... 11
1.7 評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)........................................................................................................ 11
1.7.1 大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn).............................................................................. 11
1.7.2 水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)..................................................................................12
1.7.3 聲環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)..................................................................................13
1.8 評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)路線................................................................................................13
2 項(xiàng)目概況與工程分析.........................................15
2.1 項(xiàng)目概況........................................................................................................15
2.1.1 項(xiàng)目基本情況......................................................................................15
2.1.2 建設(shè)單位概況......................................................................................15
2.1.3 建設(shè)規(guī)模..............................................................................................16
2.1.4 工程內(nèi)容..............................................................................................16
2.1.5 作業(yè)方式..............................................................................................18
2.1.6 施工計(jì)劃..............................................................................................18
2.1.7 施工生活區(qū)布局..................................................................................23
2.1.8 發(fā)展規(guī)劃..............................................................................................23
2.2 工程分析........................................................................................................24
2.2.1 主要原料..............................................................................................24
2.2.2 主要設(shè)備..............................................................................................25
2.2.3 施工流程..............................................................................................25
2.2.4 土方平衡..............................................................................................29
2.3 工程對(duì)環(huán)境與生態(tài)影響分析........................................................................29
ii
2.3.1 施工期對(duì)環(huán)境與生態(tài)影響分析..........................................................29
2.3.2 運(yùn)行期對(duì)環(huán)境與生態(tài)影響分析..........................................................32
2.4 關(guān)鍵問題識(shí)別和評(píng)價(jià)因子的篩選................................................................33
3 區(qū)域環(huán)境概況與圓明園水系變遷................................35
3.1 自然環(huán)境概況................................................................................................35
3.1.1 地形地貌..............................................................................................35
3.1.2 地面水系..............................................................................................35
3.1.3 氣象氣候..............................................................................................37
3.1.4 土壤......................................................................................................39
3.1.5 生態(tài)概況..............................................................................................40
3.2 社會(huì)環(huán)境概況................................................................................................41
3.2.1 人口經(jīng)濟(jì)..............................................................................................41
3.2.2 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施..............................................................................................41
3.2.3 燃?xì)夤⿷?yīng)..............................................................................................42
3.2.4 電力供應(yīng)..............................................................................................42
3.2.5 給水、排水..........................................................................................42
3.2.6 熱力供應(yīng)..............................................................................................44
3.2.7 交通運(yùn)輸..............................................................................................44
3.3 圓明園水系變遷及其缺水原因分析............................................................44
3.3.1 圓明園水系的歷史及變遷..................................................................44
3.3.2 當(dāng)前圓明園水系缺水原因分析..........................................................45
3.3.3 對(duì)圓明園水系恢復(fù)的認(rèn)識(shí)..................................................................46
4 大氣和聲環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià).......................................48
4.1 大氣環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)................................................................................................48
4.1.1 大氣環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查與評(píng)價(jià)..................................................................48
4.1.2 施工期大氣環(huán)境影響分析..................................................................52
4.2 聲環(huán)境評(píng)價(jià)....................................................................................................53
4.2.1 聲環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查與評(píng)價(jià)......................................................................53
4.2.2 施工期聲環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)......................................................................56
5 防滲材料性能及其環(huán)境影響分析................................60
5.1 圓明園防滲材料組成及來源........................................................................60
5.2 復(fù)合土工膜防滲材料的特性........................................................................61
5.2.1 聚乙烯（PE）的特性.........................................................................61
5.2.2 聚酯纖維（PET）的特性..................................................................61
5.2.3 添加劑的特性......................................................................................62
5.3 復(fù)合土工膜防滲材料的壽命和環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)....................................................63
5.3.1 防滲材料的穩(wěn)定壽命..........................................................................63
5.3.2 防滲材料的環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)..........................................................................64
5.3.3 復(fù)合土工膜在國內(nèi)外工程中的應(yīng)用實(shí)例..........................................65
5.4 幾種防滲材料的比較....................................................................................68
5.5 結(jié)論和建議....................................................................................................69
5.5.1 結(jié)論......................................................................................................69
5.5.2 建議......................................................................................................69
6 地下水環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià).........................................71
iii
6.1 現(xiàn)場條件與參數(shù)調(diào)查....................................................................................71
6.1.1 現(xiàn)場勘測..............................................................................................72
6.1.2 非飽和帶和湖底滲流參數(shù)現(xiàn)場試驗(yàn)..................................................72
6.1.3 地下水位與水質(zhì)監(jiān)測..........................................................................72
6.2 評(píng)價(jià)區(qū)水文地質(zhì)條件分析............................................................................74
6.2.1 地層巖性..............................................................................................74
6.2.2 含水層分布..........................................................................................75
6.2.3 工程區(qū)湖泊滲透性能評(píng)價(jià)..................................................................75
6.2.4 地下水補(bǔ)、排特征..............................................................................76
6.2.5 地下水流場分析..................................................................................78
6.3 水文地質(zhì)參數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)........................................................................................80
6.3.1 包氣帶水文地質(zhì)試驗(yàn)與參數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)......................................................80
6.3.2 含水層水文地質(zhì)參數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)..................................................................91
6.4 地下水環(huán)境質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀監(jiān)測與評(píng)價(jià)................................................................94
6.4.1 地下水環(huán)境質(zhì)量監(jiān)測..........................................................................94
6.4.2 地下水環(huán)境質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀評(píng)價(jià)..................................................................98
6.5 地下水環(huán)境影響預(yù)測評(píng)價(jià)..........................................................................104
6.5.1 包氣帶地下水預(yù)測評(píng)價(jià)....................................................................104
6.5.2 飽和帶地下水影響預(yù)測評(píng)價(jià)............................................................ 113
6.6 結(jié)論..............................................................................................................125
7 地表水環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)........................................127
7.1 地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀監(jiān)測與評(píng)價(jià)..............................................................127
7.1.1 地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查................................................................127
7.1.2 評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)............................................................................................127
7.1.3 評(píng)價(jià)方法............................................................................................128
7.1.4 評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果............................................................................................129
7.2 地表水環(huán)境類比影響分析..........................................................................131
7.2.1 地表水水質(zhì)的類比監(jiān)測分析............................................................131
7.2.2 底泥的類比監(jiān)測分析........................................................................137
7.3 地表水環(huán)境影響預(yù)測模型建立..................................................................143
7.3.1 模型選取與原理................................................................................143
7.3.2 模型時(shí)空概化....................................................................................144
7.3.3 情景分析與預(yù)測評(píng)價(jià)........................................................................146
7.4 結(jié)論與建議..................................................................................................155
7.4.1 結(jié)論....................................................................................................155
7.4.2 建議....................................................................................................155
8 生態(tài)影響評(píng)價(jià).............................................157
8.1 施工前生態(tài)狀況調(diào)查與評(píng)價(jià)......................................................................157
8.1.1 自然環(huán)境狀況....................................................................................158
8.1.2 水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)調(diào)查與評(píng)價(jià)................................................................158
8.1.3 陸生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)調(diào)查與評(píng)價(jià)................................................................159
8.1.4 景觀格局與連通性調(diào)查與評(píng)價(jià)........................................................161
8.1.5 施工前生態(tài)與環(huán)境敏感問題............................................................166
8.1.6 施工前生態(tài)影響評(píng)價(jià)小結(jié)................................................................167
iv
8.2 施工期生態(tài)狀況調(diào)查與評(píng)價(jià)......................................................................168
8.2.1 水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)調(diào)查與評(píng)價(jià)................................................................169
8.2.2 陸生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)調(diào)查與評(píng)價(jià)................................................................169
8.2.3 生態(tài)敏感點(diǎn)：珍稀瀕危物種調(diào)查....................................................175
8.2.4 生態(tài)敏感點(diǎn)：生態(tài)脆弱區(qū)域調(diào)查....................................................176
8.2.5 景觀格局與連通性調(diào)查與評(píng)價(jià)........................................................178
8.2.6 土壤含水量調(diào)查與評(píng)價(jià)....................................................................180
8.2.7 施工期生態(tài)與環(huán)境敏感問題............................................................181
8.2.8 施工期生態(tài)影響評(píng)價(jià)小結(jié)................................................................183
8.3 運(yùn)營期生態(tài)影響預(yù)測與評(píng)價(jià)......................................................................184
8.3.1 水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類比監(jiān)測調(diào)查............................................................184
8.3.2 水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類比分析....................................................................198
8.3.3 陸生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類比分析....................................................................202
8.3.4 駁岸側(cè)滲和地下水位變化的影響分析............................................202
8.3.5 不同情景條件下的生態(tài)影響預(yù)測評(píng)價(jià)............................................205
8.4 結(jié)論..............................................................................................................207
9 文物與遺址綜合影響分析.....................................209
9.1 圓明園的歷史地位和文物價(jià)值分析..........................................................209
9.2 圓明園東區(qū)文物和遺址現(xiàn)狀分析..............................................................210
9.3 東部文物遺址對(duì)防滲工程敏感性識(shí)別......................................................212
9.3.1 重要區(qū)域............................................................................................212
9.3.2 敏感點(diǎn)識(shí)別........................................................................................212
9.4 防滲工程對(duì)文物遺址的影響分析..............................................................213
9.4.1 影響因素分析....................................................................................213
9.4.2 防滲工程對(duì)敏感區(qū)域的影響分析....................................................214
9.5 小結(jié)與建議..................................................................................................215
9.5.1 小結(jié)....................................................................................................215
9.5.2 建議....................................................................................................216
10 改進(jìn)方案與環(huán)境對(duì)策措施....................................217
10.1 環(huán)境影響綜合評(píng)估....................................................................................217
10.2 全部撤膜填土方案....................................................................................218
10.3 綜合改進(jìn)方案............................................................................................219
10.3.1 尚未鋪膜部分的防滲方案..............................................................219
10.3.2 綺春園..............................................................................................219
10.3.3 福海..................................................................................................219
10.3.4 長春園..............................................................................................220
10.3.5 改進(jìn)方案補(bǔ)水量分析......................................................................221
10.4 圓明園東部替代水源——再生水利用建議............................................223
10.4.1 圓明園再生水補(bǔ)充水源的水質(zhì)要求..............................................223
10.4.2 可用再生水源情況..........................................................................223
10.4.3 再生水作為補(bǔ)充水源的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià)..........................................223
10.4.4 圓明園再生水利用建議..................................................................224
10.5 環(huán)境保護(hù)措施............................................................................................225
10.5.1 施工期間的環(huán)境保護(hù)措施..............................................................225
v
10.5.2 運(yùn)行期的環(huán)境保護(hù)措施..................................................................227
11 再生水回用的可行性分析....................................229
11.1 概述............................................................................................................229
11.2 圓明園水體功能與相關(guān)水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求....................................................229
11.2.1 圓明園水體功能分析......................................................................229
11.2.2 基于地表水III 類水體要求的再生水水質(zhì)....................................229
11.2.3 基于地表水IV 類水體要求的再生水水質(zhì)....................................230
11.3 國內(nèi)外城市污水再生回用于景觀環(huán)境的工程實(shí)例................................230
11.4 圓明園可用再生水源情況........................................................................236
11.4.1 水源、水質(zhì)現(xiàn)狀與分析..................................................................236
11.4.2 再生水作為補(bǔ)充水源的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)價(jià)..........................................237
11.4.3 方案比較..........................................................................................241
11.5 結(jié)論與建議................................................................................................242
12 環(huán)境影響的經(jīng)濟(jì)損益分析..................................................................................244
12.1 環(huán)境損益分析............................................................................................244
12.1.1 環(huán)境損失分析..................................................................................244
12.1.2 環(huán)境效益分析..................................................................................247
12.2 經(jīng)濟(jì)損益分析............................................................................................248
12.2.1 防滲工程投資概算..........................................................................248
12.2.2 資金回報(bào)分析..................................................................................248
12.3 社會(huì)損益分析............................................................................................249
12.4 環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)損益分析結(jié)論............................................................................250
13 公眾參與................................................251
13.1 公眾調(diào)查的目的........................................................................................251
13.2 調(diào)查方法和內(nèi)容........................................................................................251
13.2.1 調(diào)查對(duì)象..........................................................................................251
13.2.2 調(diào)查內(nèi)容、時(shí)間和方法..................................................................252
13.3 現(xiàn)場調(diào)查結(jié)果及分析................................................................................252
13.3.1 現(xiàn)場調(diào)查全部有效問卷（273 份）結(jié)果分析...............................252
13.3.2 現(xiàn)場調(diào)查重要問卷（16 份）結(jié)果及分析.....................................255
13.3.3 網(wǎng)上調(diào)查有效問卷（1305 份）結(jié)果及分析.................................256
13.3.4 圓明園內(nèi)部職工問卷（30 份）調(diào)查結(jié)果分析.............................258
13.4 結(jié)論與建議................................................................................................258
13.4.1 結(jié)論..................................................................................................258
13.4.2 建議..................................................................................................259
附件 1 調(diào)查問卷................................................................................................260
附件 2 答卷示例................................................................................................263
14 環(huán)境管理與監(jiān)測計(jì)劃..........................................................................................265
14.1 項(xiàng)目環(huán)境保護(hù)工作的內(nèi)容........................................................................265
14.2 環(huán)境管理....................................................................................................265
14.2.1 施工期環(huán)境管理要求......................................................................266
14.2.2 運(yùn)行期環(huán)境管理要求......................................................................266
14.3 環(huán)境監(jiān)測計(jì)劃............................................................................................267
14.3.1 監(jiān)測項(xiàng)目、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間和頻率......................................................267
vi
14.3.2 監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的管理..............................................................................270
15 結(jié)論與建議..........................................................................................................271
15.1 結(jié)論............................................................................................................271
15.1.1 總體結(jié)論..........................................................................................271
15.1.2 大氣和聲環(huán)境影響..........................................................................272
15.1.3 防滲材料性能及其環(huán)境影響..........................................................272
15.1.4 地下水環(huán)境影響..............................................................................273
15.1.5 地表水環(huán)境影響..............................................................................274
15.1.6 生態(tài)影響..........................................................................................275
15.1.7 文物和遺址影響..............................................................................275
15.1.8 再生水回用......................................................................................276
15.1.9 公眾參與..........................................................................................276
15.2 建議............................................................................................................277
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